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Prenomen

Prenomen.gif

Term used to refer to the so-called 'King of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt' name, the king's throne name, one of the four names adopted by him at his coronation (the other three are the Horus name, the Two Ladies name and the Golden Horus name). The 'prenomen 'and the 'nomen' (or birth name) are the only names to be written in cartouches; in lists of the names, the 'prenomen' is traditionally second last. The name chosen often provides an indication of the ideology or plans of the king. Perhaps this is why it was the most important name for the Egyptians themselves; we usually refer to the kings using their 'nomen'. Nebmaatre, Nebkheperure or Usermaatre are less expressive for us than Amenhotep, Tutankhamun or Ramesses. The 'prenomen' was traditionally preceded by the heraldic plant of Upper Egypt and the bee of Lower Egypt and this is why the title is usually translated as 'King of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt'. However, it has also been suggested that the plant ('sut') may refer to the unchangeable divine king, and the bee ('bit') to the mortal individual holder of the throne. Every king combined in his person the divine and the mortal, just like the living king Horus on earth and the dead king Osiris. An early form of the title was first used in the 1st Dynasty (King Den). The prenomen appeared in a cartouche from the reign of Huni (3rd Dynasty).