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Cleopatra

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The Cleopatra who is known to history as the Egyptian queen who seduced first Julius Caesar and then Mark Antony is the seventh Ptolemaic queen of that name. She was the daughter of Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V and was born in 69 BC. She became queen in 51 BC, first ruling together with her brother Ptolemy XIII. When he removed her from the palace on the advice of a certain Pothinus, she plotted to regain the throne. In Julius Caesar, who she met in 48 BC, she had a strong ally, and after Ptolemy XIII drowned in the aftermath of the civil war, which he lost, Cleopatra once again came to power, this time with Ptolemy XIV Philopator at her side. Her affair with Caesar resulted in the birth of a son, Ptolemy XV Caesar (Caesarion) in 47 BC. In 46 BC she travelled to Rome with Ptolemy XIV, but returned to Egypt after Caesar was murdered. When Ptolemy XIV died shortly after at the age of fifteen, Cleopatra made her son Caesarion coregent. In 41 BC she met Mark Antony, who summoned her to Tarsus to account for her behaviour during the civil war. Their subsequent affair resulted in Mark Antony giving large areas of land to Cleopatra and her children, and proclaiming her 'queen of queens' in 34 BC, the foremost of all the regents in the East. Cleopatra's growing influence was a thorn in the eye of Octavian (Augustus). He started a war that ended with the battle of Actium on 2 September 31 BC and the defeat of Mark Antony, who committed suicide a year later. Cleopatra, who was also defeated and whose request to be coregent was turned down by Octavian, committed suicide on 12 August, 30 BC. Her son Caesarion was murdered on the orders of Octavian.